Since 1990, the CBO found, agriculture’s emissions have slightly increased, but not at the same pace as production. Milk production and field-crop harvests have risen by over 50 percent since 1990, and meat production has skyrocketed by about 75 percent. In that same period, emissions from the sector have gone up by 7 percent.

The discrepancy between the rate of production and emission increases could be attributed to innovations like more precise fertilizer and feed management, according to the report.

The office expects agricultural emissions to continue at a similar pace and gradually increase over the next three decades. But this is dependent on the demand for greater or less agricultural production as well as continued innovation in technology. Emissions could trend lower if the demand for production is lower than expected, or if technologies under development are introduced and widely adopted.

“But it is uncertain how rapidly that would occur or how effective the new technologies would be,” the CBO wrote in the report.

U.S. Department of Agriculture programs like the Environmental Quality Incentives Program and Conservation Stewardship Program incentivize or support farmers in adopting some of the technological innovations mentioned in the CBO report. However, since the beginning of the Trump administration, which does not support climate initiatives, farmers have run into funding pauses from these and other conservation programs.