For example, the American Heart Association released an advisory last week encouraging reduced consumption of foods currently defined as ultra-processed. But the group acknowledged that some, like whole grains and some dairy products, have nutritional benefits.

Ultra-processed foods are also expected to play a significant role in the upcoming second MAHA Commission report, which was expected by Aug. 12 but has yet to be released. Kush Desai, a White House spokesperson, said in a statement that the commission would release it after coordinating commission members’ schedules.

In the meantime, former FDA Commissioner David Kessler is testing the administration’s willingness to act on ultra-processed foods. He filed a citizens’ petition last week arguing the agency has the science and authority to determine popular ingredients in ultra-processed foods are not “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS).

The petition gives the administration 180 days to respond. If the FDA does revoke GRAS status for certain ingredients, like some refined flours and refined sweeteners such as high-fructose corn syrup, food manufacturers would be required to pull products that contain them.

While Kennedy has repeatedly raised concerns about ultra-processed foods, taking this action would put the administration at odds with some food and farm groups.

Marion Nestle, a professor emerita at New York University and long-time nutrition expert, called Kessler’s petition “brilliant.”